Primary and Secondary Sources
Amanda Smith
Amira Elhafsi
Hnrs History/ Per. 1
Oct 25, 2012
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Bradshaw, William. English Puritanisme. Amsterdam; New York: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; Da Capo Press, 1973.
William Bradshaw, a primary source discusses puritan religion and culture in his book English Puritanisme. He discusses puritan life and religion, aiding us to make further connections on how puritans affected America. This explanation of Puritan religion and culture helps us (our group) better understand what the regular Puritan culture was like back then and helps us understand the religion that Puritans worshiped. Puritans worshiped Puritanism. Puritanism was the belief that God was the almighty one and to communicate with him you had to read the Bible.
———. Puritanism and Separatism : A Collection of Works by William Bradshaw. London: Gregg International Publishers, 1972.
In the book put together by an unknown author, a collection of works by William Bradshaw, a primary source, and discusses two topics: Puritanism and Separatism. This detail gives us a more backgrounded idea of puritan life and it’s influence on America. The collection of works lets us know more about Puritanism and the primary views of people who were Puritans. Even though it also tells us about Separatism it is okay because Separatism tells us about the people that wanted to move away from the power of the New England Church and its impurities.
———. Smooth Stones Taken from Ancient Brooks : Being a Collection of Sentences, Illustrations, and Quaint Sayings, from the Works of that Renowned Puritan, Thomas Brooks. Morgan, PA: Soli Deo Gloria Publications, 1996.
In this collection of several documents from different primary puritan sources, puritanism and the puritan religion is discussed, with several topics of different religious ideas. This gives us many other religious views, so we can compare Puritanism to the others to see how it was different, whether we thought it was better or worse, and to see in what ways Puritanism was a better fit for the new religion in the New World.
———. The Heavenly Footman : A Puritan's View of how to Get to Heaven. Fearn: Christian Focus Publications, 2002.
In this book, The Heavenly Footman: A Puritan’s View of how to Get to Heaven, by an unknown author, the topic is generally steered toward how to be an exceptional puritan, thus getting to Heaven. This book is an excelling primary source because we can have direct information on puritan thought and how it may have affected America. It helps us understand the way that Puritans went to heaven and the things that they had to do in order to get the heaven.
Cotton, John. John Cotton on Psalmody and the Sabbath. Edinburgh, IN: Puritan Reprints, 2006.
John Cotton, a popular puritan preacher, also a primary source, discusses several religious topics in John Cotton on Psalmody and the Sabbath. Cotton gives detailed primary examples of religious ideas of original puritans. John Cotton was a very influential figure for all Puritans and even influenced some other very influential figures later in history. So John Cotton helped us better understand what Puritans really thought and how and why people thought that Cotton was an influential man.
Dering, Edward,Puritan divine. Certaine Godly and Verie Comfortable Letters, Full of Christian Consolation. London: ca, 1580.
In this book, Edward Dering gives a wider background about Puritanism along with Christianity which gives us a broader view of early puritanism and how it possibly affected or influenced America. It helps us truly understand what Puritanism was about and why and how it was thought of. Edward Dering lets us understand better in what ways Christian thought was wrong and Puritan thought was right. Edward Dering tells us of “Puritan Divine” which can also be explained as how Puritans are great and wonderful.
———. Puritan Sage; Collected Writings of Jonathan Edwards. New York: Library Publishers, 1953.
Jonathan Edwards, a popular puritan preacher from his time, and also a primary source, discusses several topics about sermons, puritanism, and other religious topics in his collected writings. The collection of writings by Jonathan Edwards helps us better understand the meaning of Puritanism and better understand what Puritans truly thought, as a very influential leader of Puritans we can trust that he knows what he is writing about and we can trust that he knows how to influence others in a positive way instead of a negative way.
Wigglesworth, Michael. The Diary of Michael Wigglesworth, 1653-1657; the Conscience of a Puritan. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
Michael Wigglesworth, a not very popular puritan preacher, can be used to compare to a more popular puritan, for example, John Edwards or Cotton Mather. His diary is an excellent primary source dating back to it’s time and gives an accurate description of life as a puritan. Called the Conscience of a Puritan tells us about just that, the conscience of a Puritan. It gives us specific insight that helps us in our project by making sure that it is filled with real and true information and not filled with fake facts that are not real. If our project is filled with examples that are not real than the project will not be accurate.
_____. An Answer to John Robinson of Leyden by a Puritan Friend, Now First Published from a Manuscript of A.D. 1609. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920.
This manuscript dates back to 1609, a very early time in puritanism. This manuscript and John Robinson’s answer is an excellent source of information due to the fact that it gives ideas from the perspective of more than one puritan, on one topic. Since it was in a college i can believe that this article was real because Puritans really believed in being educated and in knowing a lot.
_____. Increase Mather Vs. Solomon Stoddard : Two Puritan Tracts. New York: Arno Press, 1972.
This book, a great primary source, is a discussion between Mather’s ideas and Stoddard’s ideas on the Puritan tracts. Both are original primary puritan preachers therefore are very useful in information on puritan life and religious. This discussion helps us better understand the purpose of Puritans. It also tells us the different kinds of Puritans there were because they were in a discussion about Puritanism. So this helps us understand Puritanism and its many uses.
_____. Puritan Sermon in America, 1630-1750. Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1978.
This book by an unknown primary source, Puritan Sermon in America, was an extremely useful set of information because it specifically discusses Puritanism in America and how it may have possibly affected or influenced it. A sermon is like a speech so this piece of information helps us better understand what priests spoke about and helps us understand just what it was like to be out listening to the priest and feeling the emotion that the normal people that were listening to it felt.
_____. Puritan Sermons, 1659-1689 : Being the Morning Exercises at Cripplegate, St. Giles in the Fields, and in Southwark. Wheaton, Ill.: R.O. Roberts, 1981.
In this collection of puritan sermons, many puritan religious ideas are exchanged and discussed, considering it isn’t from a specific author, although it is from a primary source given the date.
_____. Puritans : A Sourcebook of their Writings : Two Volumes Bound as One. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2001.
Puritans: A Sourcebook of their Writings: Two Volumes Bound as One was an excellent source of information. It discussed puritan thought and activity during their time and how they possibly impacted their area. This source of Puritan writings, like all of the other sources, gives us more information on to what Puritan thought really was and how Puritan thought affected the lives of many to make them change from Christianity to Puritan thought, also known as Puritanism.
"John Winthrop and the Puritans." Welcome! N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://hti.osu.edu/connect/classroom-activities/Winthrop-and-Puritans>.
John Winthrop, an original puritan leader and preacher discusses several puritan topics in this article. Winthrop was one of the main, historically popular leaders who often led several puritan groups.
"John Winthrop: Excerpts from His Journal." John Winthrop's Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.animatedatlas.com/ecolonies/winthrop-journal.html>.
John Winthrop, a popular puritan leader, wrote about several puritan thoughts and information, which aided us to understand more about puritanism in it’s time, and gain a history of the thought and puritan society and how it may have affected American society itself.
"John Winthrop Describes Life in Boston, 1634." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/early-settlements/resources/john-winthrop-describes-life-boston-1634>.
In this extremely useful excerpt from John Winthrop’s diary, he describes life in Boston. Through this book, we can get a direct description of life and society in a puritan area. John Winthrop, a popular puritan leader, also led several puritans, therefore giving us a complete description as a figure in the puritan religion.
"PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649)." PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649). N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html>.
This article, an excerpt from John Winthrop’s ancient writing gives brief explanations about his life as a leader in a puritan group. John Winthrop was a very influential figure in Puritan history so his credibility in us believing him make this source a very good one. This primary source by Winthrop tells us about his life as a leader and so far explains furthermore into what being a Puritan was like. This also helps us in this project to explain the regular thought of Puritanism and helps us better understand just the regular thought of Puritans.
"17th-century American Women." : Witches. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://b-womeninamericanhistory17.blogspot.com/2010/01/cotton-mather-on-witches-1698.html>.
This article, from an unknown author, discusses the topic of witches in the puritan religion. Although it is not mainly focused on the puritan religion itself, it branches into different ideas, giving a background about the religion and particular views that came along with it. It also aided us to to see the logic and puritan beliefs in that time, and ways it may have impacted America itself. The thought of witches helps us in this study of Puritans in the way that some of the very influential leaders actually helped in the process of killing off witches and spreading the knowledge of witches.
Heyrman, Christine Leigh. “Puritanism and Predestination.” Divining America, TeacherServe©. National Humanities Center. October 25, 2012. <http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/puritan.htm>
Christine Leigh Heyrman compares the two ideas of puritanism and predestination in her book Puritanism and Predestination. She compares and contrasts the two ideas and gives background on both subjects and religions. This comparison helps us in this national history day project by teaching us the difference of Puritanism and something else. This helps us in the knowledge of Puritanism by helping us in telling us about Puritans.
"How To Know If You Are A Real Christian." How To Know If You Are A Real Christian. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/sermons/edwards1.htm>.
In this book by an unknown author, the topic of how to know if you are a real christian is discussed. Although it is not centered on religion, it gives an idea of the differences between puritanism and christianity, which may lead us to understand differences in the two religions. This teaches us about what Christianity is like, and teaching us this helps us in our project by giving us something to compare Puritanism by. Comparing the two can help the project in letting us know if somethings were right or if somethings were wrong.
"The Divine Light." The Divine Light. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/sermons/edwards2.htm>.
This is the belief that the sight of the beauty of divine things will cause true desires after the things of God. This is an extract from Jonathan Edwards, a puritan thinker, this is like the belief that in America everything was going to be better because they thought that there would be new possibilities and stuff. The Divine Light tells of the thought that moving to this new world would change their, the Puritans, lives forever.
"Directions for Judging a Person's Experiences." Directions for Judging a Person's Experiences. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/reformed/edwards3.htm>.
This sermon, Directions for Judging a Person’s Experiences, gives us one of the things that Puritans preached and believed in. They may even believe it still today if Puritanism is still around, but i do not know if it does.
"The Deliverance of the Kirk of God." Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/ruth/ruth20.htm>.
The kirk of god is the belief that everybody will come together under the beliefs of god and be all good friends and stuff like that. Even the Israelis and Judah. He says that they have the union and sweet fellowship of a divided Kirk.
Mather, Cotton. "Satisfaction in God." Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/reformed/mather1.htm>.
The Satisfaction in God was a sermon by Cotton Mather where he spoke a speech about how God has a satisfaction of doing things to people on earth.
Adams, Thomas. "Immutable Mercy of Jesus Christ." Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/reformed/adams01.htm>.
Thomas Adams sermon Immutable Mercy of Jesus Christ is a sermon about how Jesus will always show mercy to those who deserve it and who do not deserve it, because that is wheat immutable means. His speech helps us by better understanding what the Puritans believed.
Cushman, Robert. Reasons and Considerations Touching the Lawfulness of Removing out of England into the Parts of America., 1622
Hooker, Thomas. The Danger of Desertion (1631)
"Puritanism in American Literature." Sophmore American Lit. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://faculty.cbhs.org/skelly/puritans.htm>.
The Puritans had a big effect on American culture. On almost everything, including political, social, and cultural views, Puritanism lasted until around 1728. At this point the center of the country began a shift to the south. The “Age of Reason” was also a big view in America and kind of went up against Puritanism. Many other historical forces impacted the movement of America away from a religious haven towards an economic and political powerhouse.
Weir, Robert W. The Embarkation of the Pilgrims. 1843. Delft Haven, Holland
This painting depicts the Pilgrims on the deck of the ship, Speedwell. This is important to the Puritans because more of the Pilgrims were Puritans and the painting goes with their beliefs, like the rainbow for them thinking that they are the ‘Chosen People’ and the book saying Jesus Christ.
Greenough, Richard S. John Winthrop. 1876. Statue of John Winthrop made of marble. National Statuary Hall Collection, US Capital, Washington, DC.
This statue shows us how much of an important figure John Winthrop is and was, i mean, they made a marble statue for him. He influenced many people and changed the lives of them too.
Winthrop, John. "Little Speech on Liberty." 1645. Speech.
John Winthrop’s speech on liberty was mostly a speech that was to get the people rallied up to maybe get them to want to move to America where they could have the ability to have their own beliefs and to not have to have a dictator.
Winthrop, John. "Origins of the Body of Liberties." (1639): n. pag. Print.
The excerpt from the Journal “Origins of the Body of Liberties tells us about how Winthrop thought that Liberty should be viewed, done correctly, and just the basics of what liberty is. He tells us about how it shouldn’t be and should be especially in the new America.
Coke, Edward. "Coke, Sir Edward." Online Library of Liberty. N.p., n.d. Thurs. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_content>.
Sir Edward Coke is a Puritan leader of Parliament, and this document was a textbook for lawyers during the American Colonial Period. His Puritan thoughts were injected into the thoughts of the lawyers reading it. His influence over the minds of these American politics were shown between Coke and the US Constitution.
Mather, Cotton. "Theopolis America (1709)." Theopolis.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/theopolis.html>.
This excerpt shows how with other Puritans, believed that America was the Promised Land. That thinking lead to the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. Where as Anglo-Americans believed that it was their divine commission to spread their culture from Atlantic to Pacific.
Carnes C., Mark, and Gertzy, John. eds. American National Biography. Oxford University UP, 1999.
This is an American National Biography of many people, including many Puritans, whose insight into Puritanism was shown in the Biography. It helps with this assignment because it is just another resources to look at for what the Puritans believed in.
"FOX's BOOK of MARTYRS." Book of Martyrs. Ed. William B. Forbush. N.p.: n.p., 1563. N. pag. Fox's Book of Martyrs. Thurs. 25 Oct. 2012 <http://www.ccel.org/f/foxe/martyrs/home.html>.
In this book the bloody persecution of Puritans were detailed. This book was second in its popularity in the American colonies. It showed the horrible treatments of the Puritans and the Americans read this to see how not to treat them.
Solberg, Winton U. Cotton Mather, The Puritan philosopher, and the classics. American Antiquarian Society, 1987.
Cotton Mather was a Puritan philosopher who had great influence, not as much as John Winthrop, but he was still a good leader, on the thoughts of Puritan thinkers. Enven though he was a little bit of Christian views he was still seen as a high figure in the Puritan world.
Rutherford, Samuel. "Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel Rutherford)." Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel Rutherford). N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/rutherford.html>.Published 1644
The concept of the social contract was influenced by the Puritans and there thoughts and beliefs. Rutherford’s theory relates to the resistance of a tyrant.
Sibbes, Richard. "Extracts from "A Description of Christ"" Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/sermons/sibbes1.htm>.
This is from "A Description of Christ." Which was a word of encouragement from a great Puritan, wich was Richard Sibbes.
"John Winthrop: A Model of Christian Charity (1630)." Christian Charity. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.animatedatlas.com/ecolonies/winthrop-charity.html>.
This is from John Winthrop, a very influential figure in the Puritan beliefs. He is a leader among the Puritans and is in many passages about Puritans. He is mentioned many times in this bibliography.
Brown, Michael H. "The Reformed Reader Introduction to the Geneva Bible for the
Historic Baptistfaith." (n.d.): n. pag. The Reformed Reader Introduction to the
Geneva Bible for the Historic Baptistfaith. 1988. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.reformedreader.org/gbn/igb.htm>
The Geneva Bible was the Bible of choice for the Puritains who landed at
Plymoth Rock. It tells us some of the beliefs of the Puritains and gives us
something to compare to the, now, thoughts of American citizens and those
that started in the new colonies of America.
"FOX's BOOK of MARTYRS." Book of Martyrs. Ed. William B. Forbush. N.p.: n.p., 1563. N. pag. Fox's Book of Martyrs. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.ccel.org/f/foxe/martyrs/home.html>.
This book describes the Puritans’ bloody persecutions. This book was
second in its popularity in the American colonies and showed the horrible
acts committed by some Puritans. It gives a thourough idea of some of the injustice that happened in the new colony and shows some mistakes that led to their colonies only lasting a century.
Coke, Edward. "Coke, Sir Edward." Online Library of Liberty. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
Sept. 2012. <http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_content>.
Sir Edward Coke is a Puritan leader and this document was a
book for lawyers during the Colonial period. His Puritan
thoughts were implimented into the thoughts of the people reading it. His
influence over the minds of these lawyers were shown between
Coke and the US Constitution.
Winthrop, John. "Winthropseparation." Winthropseparation. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept.
2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/winthropseparation.html>.
This is a treatise indicating Puritan desire to have a separation of church and the State. In this treaty, the Puritans are trying to find a compromise for religion by asking for religious freedom by composing a treaty to separate the state and church.
Winthrop, John. "Winthrop.html." Winthrop.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://constitution.org/primarysources/winthrop.html>.
John Winthrop had valuable insights into the minds of a Puritan leader. In this
Winthrop’s journals are published for the world to see. Winthrop was a very influential Puritan leader of his time and had a great effect on other Puritans. In his journal he discusses many ideas that help indicate how the Puritan society really was.
Rutherford, Samuel. "Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel
Rutherford)." Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel Rutherford). N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/rutherford.html>.Published 1644
The concept of the social contract was influenced by the Puritans and their thoughts and beliefs. Rutherford’s theory discusses the resistance to a tyrant
and general Puritan belief that there should not be a tyrant. It also discusses various ideas that Puritans did not agree with in England.
Pufendorf, Samuel. "De Officio Hominis Et Civis Juxta Legem Naturalem Libri
Duo." De Officio Hominis Et Civis Juxta Legem Naturalem Libri Duo (1673).
N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/puff.html>.
Pufendorf was a very famous theorist among American Puritans in the early 18th century. People chose to go to him instead of other influential leaders and in this book he describes a man’s duty to God and constituting the state. He also discusses important societal reforms that took place during the separation of Puritans and England.
Mather, Cotton. "Theopolis America (1709)." Theopolis.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/theopolis.html>.
This excerpt shows how with other Puritans, believed that America was the Promised Land. Cotton Mather, a very influential and trusted Puritan leader writes about what awaits in America which lead to the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. Cotton Mather was one of the original Puritan leaders and is one of the most commonly known. This article dates back to 1709 and gives a primary source of what life was like.
House of Burgesses. "Extracts from the Journal of the Proceeding of the House of
Burgesses, of Virginia." Extracts from the Journal of the Proceeding of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia (1774): n. pag. Leftjustified.com. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.leftjustified.com/resolutions-of-house-of-burgesses-establishing-committee-of-intercolonial-correspondence#HOB2>
Winthrop, Adam. "Adam Winthrop's Commonplace Book." Adam Winthrop
Commonplace Book (1586): n. pag. Millersville University. 1995. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <https://wiki.millersville.edu/display/HIST/Adam+Winthrop%27s+Commonplace+Book>.
Shows diaries of Puritan families which eventually became American settlers. These were few of the first American settlers who separated from England due to differences in the church. These settlers had the greatest impact on American culture due to the fact that they were one of the first.
Bercovitch, Sacvan. Aspects of Puritan Religious Thought. New York: AMS Press,
1984.
This shows the religious thought of puritans and many other information of the Puritan thought that is close to religion. Puritans believed in several things but mainly worship. This shows how much worship played a role in their everyday lives as Puritans.
"Primary Source Documents." Nation of Nations | . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072417722/student_view0/chapter3/primary_source_documents.html>
Indicating Puritan settlers of Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the different views of the many Puritan settlers.
"John Winthrop: A Model of Christian Charity (1630)." Christian Charity. N.p., n.d.
Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.animatedatlas.com/ecolonies/winthrop-charity.html>.
This is from John Winthrop, a very influential figure in the Puritan beliefs. He is a leader among the Puritans and is in many passages about Puritans
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"Puritanism in American Literature." Puritanism in American Literature. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://faculty.cbhs.org/skelly/puritans.htm>.
In Puritanism in American Literature, the topic of how puritanism affected American literature was discussed, which was a highly helpful article for us considering it focused on a key aspect of our project. Puritanism and it’s effect on American literature was highly useful in analyzing the ways that puritansim impacted America itself.
"The Puritan Movement: Influences on American History." Americanwiki /. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://americanwiki.pbworks.com/w/page/12595404/The%20Puritan%20Movement%3A%20Influences%20on%20American%20History>.
This article, The Puritan Movement: Influences on American History, was a key article in our collection of information. This article discusses how puritans impacted an affected America through it’s societal views and religious ideas.
Google. “Puritan Life.” <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://gingerandgold.typepad.com/.a/6a00e553835c908833011570046246970b-800wi&imgrefurl=http://gingerandgold.typepad.com/my_weblog/liberty/&usg=__IjqUtXNiwia7Nc4t9xIZJhe6VWg=&h=499&w=800&sz=63&hl=en&&sig2=4VNYhSBUf7qNkNGBvW5VJQ&zoom=1&tbnid=p2E0mX6H5T0JQM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=242&ei=H9LDUIKeDYTVigLM3ICYBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpuritan%2Bcolonies%26tbnh%3D135%26tbnw%3D240%26num%3D10%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgkwCCkl3xjABiHD1DbjHl2yfg%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=218&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60&tx=158&ty=25>
This picture is a picture of Puritans travelling to America.
There are limited amounts of Puritans which showed the extremeties of travel during that time.
Archeritagegroup. “Puritan Life on the Mayflower”.
http://acheritagegroup.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Polgrims-Boarding-the-Mayflower.jpg
This is a picture of Puritans boarding the Mayflower. There are several people boarding, but not as many lived throughtout the travel.
Google. “Puritan Preachings”.
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This picture is of a popular, influential Puritan leader preaching to men, women, children, knights, and several other people.
Google. “Puritan Circle”.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://grumblesfromanoldgrouch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/WAKE-UP.jpg&imgrefurl=http://grumblesfromanoldgrouch.com/the-religious-wrong-pt-2-the-real-americans-under-construction/&usg=__CtKL9rc1i5URMBZB2SJKzh75rfY=&h=540&w=720&sz=79&hl=en&&sig2=eiF4kLY2CrlP0nfy8IY71w&zoom=1&tbnid=sLaAvKFqlp0G_M:&tbnh=140&tbnw=197&ei=XObDUIzHB4btiQKm9YGoBw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpuritan%2Blife%26tbnh%3D151%26tbnw%3D215%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgmHviSNmof8PyGNBEseGhRwVw%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=303&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60&tx=166&ty=70
This picture shows another popular Puritan leader preaching to a small circle of Puritan
Google. “The Mayflower”.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://unnatural.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/111612_1958_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://unnatural.ru/beer-facts&usg=__fdk9xc2INcT5_itHHUGlQEvy-Bc=&h=452&w=779&sz=41&hl=en&&sig2=HljP_fP9RxD-qHq0plWCbg&zoom=1&tbnid=TLpWC4Mie8bjVM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=240&ei=kebDUIKYJergiALQ0IDQAg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmayflower%26tbnh%3D139%26tbnw%3D240%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgl2eJv6FJklJCGr2oy0Dw7h0A%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=12&vpy=180&dur=249&hovh=142&hovw=243&tx=117&ty=77&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60
This is a picture of the Mayflower Combat, the ship the Puritans used to travel to New England with.
Google. “Puritan Dinner”.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=puritanism&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1279&bih=609&tbm=isch&tbnid=oIafltsFR_Ki5M:&imgrefurl=http://mysticpolitics.com/republican-puritanism-mitt-romney-and-paul-ryan-believe-wealthiness-is-next-to-godliness/&docid=9FKDJwfmO8dKVM&imgurl=http://mysticpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/republican-puritanism-mitt-romney-and-paul-ryan-believe-wealthiness-is-next-to-godliness-e1346544317882.jpg&w=640&h=360&ei=NOfDUKDnOoXEigKZ94G4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=23&dur=1140&hovh=168&hovw=300&tx=137&ty=48&sig=117556747280137222728&page=4&tbnh=140&tbnw=258&&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:88,s:0,i:355
This is a picture of several Puritans feasting in New England.
Google. “
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.virtualology.com/ac/6/i/ency0315.jpg&imgrefurl=http://famousamericans.net/johnwinthrop/&usg=__i0U04t06FSVhY0hZiECYW1M3vdE=&h=1378&w=920&sz=260&hl=en&&sig2=rIs0mAcLfNGV5i4B8f7SCA&zoom=1&tbnid=vLqEoGb8Zt85OM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=93&ei=8ejDUNHBJuW7igKqioGgAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Djohn%2Bwinthrop%26tbnh%3D145%26tbnw%3D95%26num%3D10%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSHwlKI6gLJ0eVKxoLCxCo1NgEGgIIFwwh0FCdcN4ElGc%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=120&dur=548&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=52&ty=124&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60
This is a picture of popular, influential Puritan leader John Winthrop. Winthrop was one of the most commonly known Puritans and had a great effect on life during his time.
"Puritan Influences on Modern American Culture and Thought." Puritan Influences on Modern American Culture and Thought. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.articlemyriad.com/puritan-influences-modern-american-culture-thought>
This article, another highly useful article from a secondary source, explained several influences brought upon American culture and though from the puritans.
"PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649)." PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649). N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html>.
This tells us about John Winthrop and his general ideas as a popular puritan preacher from his time, a time of great puritan expansion and influence on several cultures and societies.
"The Legacy of Puritanism, Divining America, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center." The Legacy of Puritanism, Divining America, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/legacy.htm>.
In this article, The Legacy of Puritanism, Diving America”, the puritans greatest impacts on America itself is discussed and how it was left as a legacy beyond it’s time. This article greatly pinpoints the import ways the puritans affected America.
"People & Ideas: The Puritans." PBS. PBS, 11 Oct. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/people/puritans.html>.
Tells us about the Puritan people and their main ideas. But it mainly speaks about John Winthrop and his major influence in the ideas of the Puritans. It gives us deep insight into how the Puritans were started which greatly tells us how their thoughts came to be and why they came to be.
Woodward, Walter W. Prospero's America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 2010.
John Winthrop helped in the creation of the basic beliefs of the Puritans.
This description helps us with how the Puritans impacted the beliefs in America, by giving us what to compare the American beliefs, to the Puritan beliefs. Even though he is not the only Puritan thinker he still brought many of the basic beliefs into the Puritan church.
Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 1: John Winthrop." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. WWW URL: http://web.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html Wed. 26 Oct 2012.
This helps us understand John Winthrop better and his life. Understanding his life helps us understand why he belived most of the things that he did believe in. Kind of like how some of the Puritan beliefs are like some other religions, that is because he grew up with other religions around him and he had to base it off something.
Wilson, Clyde N., ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume Thirty: American Historians, 1607-1865. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984.
The Dictionary of Literary Biography is about American Historians. This particular annotation tells us about many Puritan thinkers and believers. Even though this book speaks about other historians we can use it for just some people instead of all of them.
Elliott, Emory, ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume Twenty-four: American Colonial Writers, 1606-1734. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984.
This Dictionary of Literary Biography just gives us more information of more Puritain thinkers, and especially writers. It tells us about Puritan poets and many other different style of writing people.
Heyrman, Christine Leigh. “Religion, Women and the Family in Early
America.” National Humanities Center. Internet. 2000. Accessed October 3, 2005.
The religion of the people in early Americas and the treatment and place in society of women in the early Americas.
"History of American Thought." History of American Thought. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
Sept. 2012. <http://americanphilosophy.net/>
The History of American thought, including the puritans and the many people involved in Puritanism.
"Brody's Notes & Scribbles: Des Downunder On Sundays." Brody's Notes &
Scribbles: Des Downunder On Sundays. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://brodylevesque.blogspot.com/2011/04/des-downunder-on-sundays_10.html>.
In this source the Puritans are described much more into detail and pictures are included with descriptions of what is happening in the picture.
"Puritan Influences on Modern American Culture and Thought." Puritan Influences
on Modern American Culture and Thought. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.articlemyriad.com/puritan-influences-modern-american-culture-thought/>.
The puritan influence on todays culture and art is described in this section of
sources. It includes conversations about John Winthrop and Roger Williams, two
popular, influential Puritan leaders. This website was excellent due to the fact that
it gave specific ideas on how the Puritans had influences on modern America.
Dorward, Lisa. "Characteristics of Puritan Thought & Culture." EHow. Demand
Media, 22 May 2011. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ehow.com/info_8466396_characteristics-puritan-thought-culture.html>.
Lisa Dorward expresses the main charasteristics of Puritan thought & culture. This article gave a wholesome idea of how Puritan life was lived and also showed differences between Puritan life then and life in America now.
"The Roots of Democracy." The Roots of Democracy. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. <http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_3_Notes.htm>.
This website helped us in better understanding on how the Puritans effected the development in America. This helped us in learning about how it was believed that all men were born sinners, and in the eyes of Puritans the only way to go to heaven was to worship God. The only way to do that was to communicate with God, and the only way to do that was to read the Bible.
Amira Elhafsi
Hnrs History/ Per. 1
Oct 25, 2012
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Bradshaw, William. English Puritanisme. Amsterdam; New York: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; Da Capo Press, 1973.
William Bradshaw, a primary source discusses puritan religion and culture in his book English Puritanisme. He discusses puritan life and religion, aiding us to make further connections on how puritans affected America. This explanation of Puritan religion and culture helps us (our group) better understand what the regular Puritan culture was like back then and helps us understand the religion that Puritans worshiped. Puritans worshiped Puritanism. Puritanism was the belief that God was the almighty one and to communicate with him you had to read the Bible.
———. Puritanism and Separatism : A Collection of Works by William Bradshaw. London: Gregg International Publishers, 1972.
In the book put together by an unknown author, a collection of works by William Bradshaw, a primary source, and discusses two topics: Puritanism and Separatism. This detail gives us a more backgrounded idea of puritan life and it’s influence on America. The collection of works lets us know more about Puritanism and the primary views of people who were Puritans. Even though it also tells us about Separatism it is okay because Separatism tells us about the people that wanted to move away from the power of the New England Church and its impurities.
———. Smooth Stones Taken from Ancient Brooks : Being a Collection of Sentences, Illustrations, and Quaint Sayings, from the Works of that Renowned Puritan, Thomas Brooks. Morgan, PA: Soli Deo Gloria Publications, 1996.
In this collection of several documents from different primary puritan sources, puritanism and the puritan religion is discussed, with several topics of different religious ideas. This gives us many other religious views, so we can compare Puritanism to the others to see how it was different, whether we thought it was better or worse, and to see in what ways Puritanism was a better fit for the new religion in the New World.
———. The Heavenly Footman : A Puritan's View of how to Get to Heaven. Fearn: Christian Focus Publications, 2002.
In this book, The Heavenly Footman: A Puritan’s View of how to Get to Heaven, by an unknown author, the topic is generally steered toward how to be an exceptional puritan, thus getting to Heaven. This book is an excelling primary source because we can have direct information on puritan thought and how it may have affected America. It helps us understand the way that Puritans went to heaven and the things that they had to do in order to get the heaven.
Cotton, John. John Cotton on Psalmody and the Sabbath. Edinburgh, IN: Puritan Reprints, 2006.
John Cotton, a popular puritan preacher, also a primary source, discusses several religious topics in John Cotton on Psalmody and the Sabbath. Cotton gives detailed primary examples of religious ideas of original puritans. John Cotton was a very influential figure for all Puritans and even influenced some other very influential figures later in history. So John Cotton helped us better understand what Puritans really thought and how and why people thought that Cotton was an influential man.
Dering, Edward,Puritan divine. Certaine Godly and Verie Comfortable Letters, Full of Christian Consolation. London: ca, 1580.
In this book, Edward Dering gives a wider background about Puritanism along with Christianity which gives us a broader view of early puritanism and how it possibly affected or influenced America. It helps us truly understand what Puritanism was about and why and how it was thought of. Edward Dering lets us understand better in what ways Christian thought was wrong and Puritan thought was right. Edward Dering tells us of “Puritan Divine” which can also be explained as how Puritans are great and wonderful.
———. Puritan Sage; Collected Writings of Jonathan Edwards. New York: Library Publishers, 1953.
Jonathan Edwards, a popular puritan preacher from his time, and also a primary source, discusses several topics about sermons, puritanism, and other religious topics in his collected writings. The collection of writings by Jonathan Edwards helps us better understand the meaning of Puritanism and better understand what Puritans truly thought, as a very influential leader of Puritans we can trust that he knows what he is writing about and we can trust that he knows how to influence others in a positive way instead of a negative way.
Wigglesworth, Michael. The Diary of Michael Wigglesworth, 1653-1657; the Conscience of a Puritan. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
Michael Wigglesworth, a not very popular puritan preacher, can be used to compare to a more popular puritan, for example, John Edwards or Cotton Mather. His diary is an excellent primary source dating back to it’s time and gives an accurate description of life as a puritan. Called the Conscience of a Puritan tells us about just that, the conscience of a Puritan. It gives us specific insight that helps us in our project by making sure that it is filled with real and true information and not filled with fake facts that are not real. If our project is filled with examples that are not real than the project will not be accurate.
_____. An Answer to John Robinson of Leyden by a Puritan Friend, Now First Published from a Manuscript of A.D. 1609. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920.
This manuscript dates back to 1609, a very early time in puritanism. This manuscript and John Robinson’s answer is an excellent source of information due to the fact that it gives ideas from the perspective of more than one puritan, on one topic. Since it was in a college i can believe that this article was real because Puritans really believed in being educated and in knowing a lot.
_____. Increase Mather Vs. Solomon Stoddard : Two Puritan Tracts. New York: Arno Press, 1972.
This book, a great primary source, is a discussion between Mather’s ideas and Stoddard’s ideas on the Puritan tracts. Both are original primary puritan preachers therefore are very useful in information on puritan life and religious. This discussion helps us better understand the purpose of Puritans. It also tells us the different kinds of Puritans there were because they were in a discussion about Puritanism. So this helps us understand Puritanism and its many uses.
_____. Puritan Sermon in America, 1630-1750. Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1978.
This book by an unknown primary source, Puritan Sermon in America, was an extremely useful set of information because it specifically discusses Puritanism in America and how it may have possibly affected or influenced it. A sermon is like a speech so this piece of information helps us better understand what priests spoke about and helps us understand just what it was like to be out listening to the priest and feeling the emotion that the normal people that were listening to it felt.
_____. Puritan Sermons, 1659-1689 : Being the Morning Exercises at Cripplegate, St. Giles in the Fields, and in Southwark. Wheaton, Ill.: R.O. Roberts, 1981.
In this collection of puritan sermons, many puritan religious ideas are exchanged and discussed, considering it isn’t from a specific author, although it is from a primary source given the date.
_____. Puritans : A Sourcebook of their Writings : Two Volumes Bound as One. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2001.
Puritans: A Sourcebook of their Writings: Two Volumes Bound as One was an excellent source of information. It discussed puritan thought and activity during their time and how they possibly impacted their area. This source of Puritan writings, like all of the other sources, gives us more information on to what Puritan thought really was and how Puritan thought affected the lives of many to make them change from Christianity to Puritan thought, also known as Puritanism.
"John Winthrop and the Puritans." Welcome! N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://hti.osu.edu/connect/classroom-activities/Winthrop-and-Puritans>.
John Winthrop, an original puritan leader and preacher discusses several puritan topics in this article. Winthrop was one of the main, historically popular leaders who often led several puritan groups.
"John Winthrop: Excerpts from His Journal." John Winthrop's Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.animatedatlas.com/ecolonies/winthrop-journal.html>.
John Winthrop, a popular puritan leader, wrote about several puritan thoughts and information, which aided us to understand more about puritanism in it’s time, and gain a history of the thought and puritan society and how it may have affected American society itself.
"John Winthrop Describes Life in Boston, 1634." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/early-settlements/resources/john-winthrop-describes-life-boston-1634>.
In this extremely useful excerpt from John Winthrop’s diary, he describes life in Boston. Through this book, we can get a direct description of life and society in a puritan area. John Winthrop, a popular puritan leader, also led several puritans, therefore giving us a complete description as a figure in the puritan religion.
"PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649)." PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649). N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html>.
This article, an excerpt from John Winthrop’s ancient writing gives brief explanations about his life as a leader in a puritan group. John Winthrop was a very influential figure in Puritan history so his credibility in us believing him make this source a very good one. This primary source by Winthrop tells us about his life as a leader and so far explains furthermore into what being a Puritan was like. This also helps us in this project to explain the regular thought of Puritanism and helps us better understand just the regular thought of Puritans.
"17th-century American Women." : Witches. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://b-womeninamericanhistory17.blogspot.com/2010/01/cotton-mather-on-witches-1698.html>.
This article, from an unknown author, discusses the topic of witches in the puritan religion. Although it is not mainly focused on the puritan religion itself, it branches into different ideas, giving a background about the religion and particular views that came along with it. It also aided us to to see the logic and puritan beliefs in that time, and ways it may have impacted America itself. The thought of witches helps us in this study of Puritans in the way that some of the very influential leaders actually helped in the process of killing off witches and spreading the knowledge of witches.
Heyrman, Christine Leigh. “Puritanism and Predestination.” Divining America, TeacherServe©. National Humanities Center. October 25, 2012. <http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/puritan.htm>
Christine Leigh Heyrman compares the two ideas of puritanism and predestination in her book Puritanism and Predestination. She compares and contrasts the two ideas and gives background on both subjects and religions. This comparison helps us in this national history day project by teaching us the difference of Puritanism and something else. This helps us in the knowledge of Puritanism by helping us in telling us about Puritans.
"How To Know If You Are A Real Christian." How To Know If You Are A Real Christian. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/sermons/edwards1.htm>.
In this book by an unknown author, the topic of how to know if you are a real christian is discussed. Although it is not centered on religion, it gives an idea of the differences between puritanism and christianity, which may lead us to understand differences in the two religions. This teaches us about what Christianity is like, and teaching us this helps us in our project by giving us something to compare Puritanism by. Comparing the two can help the project in letting us know if somethings were right or if somethings were wrong.
"The Divine Light." The Divine Light. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/sermons/edwards2.htm>.
This is the belief that the sight of the beauty of divine things will cause true desires after the things of God. This is an extract from Jonathan Edwards, a puritan thinker, this is like the belief that in America everything was going to be better because they thought that there would be new possibilities and stuff. The Divine Light tells of the thought that moving to this new world would change their, the Puritans, lives forever.
"Directions for Judging a Person's Experiences." Directions for Judging a Person's Experiences. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/reformed/edwards3.htm>.
This sermon, Directions for Judging a Person’s Experiences, gives us one of the things that Puritans preached and believed in. They may even believe it still today if Puritanism is still around, but i do not know if it does.
"The Deliverance of the Kirk of God." Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/ruth/ruth20.htm>.
The kirk of god is the belief that everybody will come together under the beliefs of god and be all good friends and stuff like that. Even the Israelis and Judah. He says that they have the union and sweet fellowship of a divided Kirk.
Mather, Cotton. "Satisfaction in God." Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/reformed/mather1.htm>.
The Satisfaction in God was a sermon by Cotton Mather where he spoke a speech about how God has a satisfaction of doing things to people on earth.
Adams, Thomas. "Immutable Mercy of Jesus Christ." Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/reformed/adams01.htm>.
Thomas Adams sermon Immutable Mercy of Jesus Christ is a sermon about how Jesus will always show mercy to those who deserve it and who do not deserve it, because that is wheat immutable means. His speech helps us by better understanding what the Puritans believed.
Cushman, Robert. Reasons and Considerations Touching the Lawfulness of Removing out of England into the Parts of America., 1622
Hooker, Thomas. The Danger of Desertion (1631)
"Puritanism in American Literature." Sophmore American Lit. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://faculty.cbhs.org/skelly/puritans.htm>.
The Puritans had a big effect on American culture. On almost everything, including political, social, and cultural views, Puritanism lasted until around 1728. At this point the center of the country began a shift to the south. The “Age of Reason” was also a big view in America and kind of went up against Puritanism. Many other historical forces impacted the movement of America away from a religious haven towards an economic and political powerhouse.
Weir, Robert W. The Embarkation of the Pilgrims. 1843. Delft Haven, Holland
This painting depicts the Pilgrims on the deck of the ship, Speedwell. This is important to the Puritans because more of the Pilgrims were Puritans and the painting goes with their beliefs, like the rainbow for them thinking that they are the ‘Chosen People’ and the book saying Jesus Christ.
Greenough, Richard S. John Winthrop. 1876. Statue of John Winthrop made of marble. National Statuary Hall Collection, US Capital, Washington, DC.
This statue shows us how much of an important figure John Winthrop is and was, i mean, they made a marble statue for him. He influenced many people and changed the lives of them too.
Winthrop, John. "Little Speech on Liberty." 1645. Speech.
John Winthrop’s speech on liberty was mostly a speech that was to get the people rallied up to maybe get them to want to move to America where they could have the ability to have their own beliefs and to not have to have a dictator.
Winthrop, John. "Origins of the Body of Liberties." (1639): n. pag. Print.
The excerpt from the Journal “Origins of the Body of Liberties tells us about how Winthrop thought that Liberty should be viewed, done correctly, and just the basics of what liberty is. He tells us about how it shouldn’t be and should be especially in the new America.
Coke, Edward. "Coke, Sir Edward." Online Library of Liberty. N.p., n.d. Thurs. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_content>.
Sir Edward Coke is a Puritan leader of Parliament, and this document was a textbook for lawyers during the American Colonial Period. His Puritan thoughts were injected into the thoughts of the lawyers reading it. His influence over the minds of these American politics were shown between Coke and the US Constitution.
Mather, Cotton. "Theopolis America (1709)." Theopolis.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/theopolis.html>.
This excerpt shows how with other Puritans, believed that America was the Promised Land. That thinking lead to the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. Where as Anglo-Americans believed that it was their divine commission to spread their culture from Atlantic to Pacific.
Carnes C., Mark, and Gertzy, John. eds. American National Biography. Oxford University UP, 1999.
This is an American National Biography of many people, including many Puritans, whose insight into Puritanism was shown in the Biography. It helps with this assignment because it is just another resources to look at for what the Puritans believed in.
"FOX's BOOK of MARTYRS." Book of Martyrs. Ed. William B. Forbush. N.p.: n.p., 1563. N. pag. Fox's Book of Martyrs. Thurs. 25 Oct. 2012 <http://www.ccel.org/f/foxe/martyrs/home.html>.
In this book the bloody persecution of Puritans were detailed. This book was second in its popularity in the American colonies. It showed the horrible treatments of the Puritans and the Americans read this to see how not to treat them.
Solberg, Winton U. Cotton Mather, The Puritan philosopher, and the classics. American Antiquarian Society, 1987.
Cotton Mather was a Puritan philosopher who had great influence, not as much as John Winthrop, but he was still a good leader, on the thoughts of Puritan thinkers. Enven though he was a little bit of Christian views he was still seen as a high figure in the Puritan world.
Rutherford, Samuel. "Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel Rutherford)." Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel Rutherford). N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/rutherford.html>.Published 1644
The concept of the social contract was influenced by the Puritans and there thoughts and beliefs. Rutherford’s theory relates to the resistance of a tyrant.
Sibbes, Richard. "Extracts from "A Description of Christ"" Puritan Sermons. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www.puritansermons.com/sermons/sibbes1.htm>.
This is from "A Description of Christ." Which was a word of encouragement from a great Puritan, wich was Richard Sibbes.
"John Winthrop: A Model of Christian Charity (1630)." Christian Charity. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.animatedatlas.com/ecolonies/winthrop-charity.html>.
This is from John Winthrop, a very influential figure in the Puritan beliefs. He is a leader among the Puritans and is in many passages about Puritans. He is mentioned many times in this bibliography.
Brown, Michael H. "The Reformed Reader Introduction to the Geneva Bible for the
Historic Baptistfaith." (n.d.): n. pag. The Reformed Reader Introduction to the
Geneva Bible for the Historic Baptistfaith. 1988. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.reformedreader.org/gbn/igb.htm>
The Geneva Bible was the Bible of choice for the Puritains who landed at
Plymoth Rock. It tells us some of the beliefs of the Puritains and gives us
something to compare to the, now, thoughts of American citizens and those
that started in the new colonies of America.
"FOX's BOOK of MARTYRS." Book of Martyrs. Ed. William B. Forbush. N.p.: n.p., 1563. N. pag. Fox's Book of Martyrs. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.ccel.org/f/foxe/martyrs/home.html>.
This book describes the Puritans’ bloody persecutions. This book was
second in its popularity in the American colonies and showed the horrible
acts committed by some Puritans. It gives a thourough idea of some of the injustice that happened in the new colony and shows some mistakes that led to their colonies only lasting a century.
Coke, Edward. "Coke, Sir Edward." Online Library of Liberty. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
Sept. 2012. <http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_content>.
Sir Edward Coke is a Puritan leader and this document was a
book for lawyers during the Colonial period. His Puritan
thoughts were implimented into the thoughts of the people reading it. His
influence over the minds of these lawyers were shown between
Coke and the US Constitution.
Winthrop, John. "Winthropseparation." Winthropseparation. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept.
2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/winthropseparation.html>.
This is a treatise indicating Puritan desire to have a separation of church and the State. In this treaty, the Puritans are trying to find a compromise for religion by asking for religious freedom by composing a treaty to separate the state and church.
Winthrop, John. "Winthrop.html." Winthrop.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://constitution.org/primarysources/winthrop.html>.
John Winthrop had valuable insights into the minds of a Puritan leader. In this
Winthrop’s journals are published for the world to see. Winthrop was a very influential Puritan leader of his time and had a great effect on other Puritans. In his journal he discusses many ideas that help indicate how the Puritan society really was.
Rutherford, Samuel. "Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel
Rutherford)." Lawfulness to Resist Tyranny (Samuel Rutherford). N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/rutherford.html>.Published 1644
The concept of the social contract was influenced by the Puritans and their thoughts and beliefs. Rutherford’s theory discusses the resistance to a tyrant
and general Puritan belief that there should not be a tyrant. It also discusses various ideas that Puritans did not agree with in England.
Pufendorf, Samuel. "De Officio Hominis Et Civis Juxta Legem Naturalem Libri
Duo." De Officio Hominis Et Civis Juxta Legem Naturalem Libri Duo (1673).
N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/puff.html>.
Pufendorf was a very famous theorist among American Puritans in the early 18th century. People chose to go to him instead of other influential leaders and in this book he describes a man’s duty to God and constituting the state. He also discusses important societal reforms that took place during the separation of Puritans and England.
Mather, Cotton. "Theopolis America (1709)." Theopolis.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
Sept. 2012. <http://constitution.org/primarysources/theopolis.html>.
This excerpt shows how with other Puritans, believed that America was the Promised Land. Cotton Mather, a very influential and trusted Puritan leader writes about what awaits in America which lead to the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. Cotton Mather was one of the original Puritan leaders and is one of the most commonly known. This article dates back to 1709 and gives a primary source of what life was like.
House of Burgesses. "Extracts from the Journal of the Proceeding of the House of
Burgesses, of Virginia." Extracts from the Journal of the Proceeding of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia (1774): n. pag. Leftjustified.com. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.leftjustified.com/resolutions-of-house-of-burgesses-establishing-committee-of-intercolonial-correspondence#HOB2>
Winthrop, Adam. "Adam Winthrop's Commonplace Book." Adam Winthrop
Commonplace Book (1586): n. pag. Millersville University. 1995. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <https://wiki.millersville.edu/display/HIST/Adam+Winthrop%27s+Commonplace+Book>.
Shows diaries of Puritan families which eventually became American settlers. These were few of the first American settlers who separated from England due to differences in the church. These settlers had the greatest impact on American culture due to the fact that they were one of the first.
Bercovitch, Sacvan. Aspects of Puritan Religious Thought. New York: AMS Press,
1984.
This shows the religious thought of puritans and many other information of the Puritan thought that is close to religion. Puritans believed in several things but mainly worship. This shows how much worship played a role in their everyday lives as Puritans.
"Primary Source Documents." Nation of Nations | . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012.
<http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072417722/student_view0/chapter3/primary_source_documents.html>
Indicating Puritan settlers of Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the different views of the many Puritan settlers.
"John Winthrop: A Model of Christian Charity (1630)." Christian Charity. N.p., n.d.
Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.animatedatlas.com/ecolonies/winthrop-charity.html>.
This is from John Winthrop, a very influential figure in the Puritan beliefs. He is a leader among the Puritans and is in many passages about Puritans
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"Puritanism in American Literature." Puritanism in American Literature. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://faculty.cbhs.org/skelly/puritans.htm>.
In Puritanism in American Literature, the topic of how puritanism affected American literature was discussed, which was a highly helpful article for us considering it focused on a key aspect of our project. Puritanism and it’s effect on American literature was highly useful in analyzing the ways that puritansim impacted America itself.
"The Puritan Movement: Influences on American History." Americanwiki /. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://americanwiki.pbworks.com/w/page/12595404/The%20Puritan%20Movement%3A%20Influences%20on%20American%20History>.
This article, The Puritan Movement: Influences on American History, was a key article in our collection of information. This article discusses how puritans impacted an affected America through it’s societal views and religious ideas.
Google. “Puritan Life.” <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://gingerandgold.typepad.com/.a/6a00e553835c908833011570046246970b-800wi&imgrefurl=http://gingerandgold.typepad.com/my_weblog/liberty/&usg=__IjqUtXNiwia7Nc4t9xIZJhe6VWg=&h=499&w=800&sz=63&hl=en&&sig2=4VNYhSBUf7qNkNGBvW5VJQ&zoom=1&tbnid=p2E0mX6H5T0JQM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=242&ei=H9LDUIKeDYTVigLM3ICYBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpuritan%2Bcolonies%26tbnh%3D135%26tbnw%3D240%26num%3D10%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgkwCCkl3xjABiHD1DbjHl2yfg%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=218&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60&tx=158&ty=25>
This picture is a picture of Puritans travelling to America.
There are limited amounts of Puritans which showed the extremeties of travel during that time.
Archeritagegroup. “Puritan Life on the Mayflower”.
http://acheritagegroup.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Polgrims-Boarding-the-Mayflower.jpg
This is a picture of Puritans boarding the Mayflower. There are several people boarding, but not as many lived throughtout the travel.
Google. “Puritan Preachings”.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwioam0Vwe1qdjbb7o1_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://livingonfourstrings.tumblr.com/&usg=__CmMF6j0yRC_3bd-52Mfw5R3liSo=&h=280&w=465&sz=55&hl=en&&sig2=rOkAlOKGHi5UER5TOIpxdA&zoom=1&tbnid=EpZsOa4aBdHUZM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=253&ei=4eXDUKbdNKzTigKKnoC4Cg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpuritans%2Bin%2Bamerica%26tbnh%3D139%26tbnw%3D219%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgkSlmw5rhoF0SEn6R_1We2nS_1Q%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=12&vpy=178&dur=280&hovh=144&hovw=257&tx=145&ty=106&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60
This picture is of a popular, influential Puritan leader preaching to men, women, children, knights, and several other people.
Google. “Puritan Circle”.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://grumblesfromanoldgrouch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/WAKE-UP.jpg&imgrefurl=http://grumblesfromanoldgrouch.com/the-religious-wrong-pt-2-the-real-americans-under-construction/&usg=__CtKL9rc1i5URMBZB2SJKzh75rfY=&h=540&w=720&sz=79&hl=en&&sig2=eiF4kLY2CrlP0nfy8IY71w&zoom=1&tbnid=sLaAvKFqlp0G_M:&tbnh=140&tbnw=197&ei=XObDUIzHB4btiQKm9YGoBw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpuritan%2Blife%26tbnh%3D151%26tbnw%3D215%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgmHviSNmof8PyGNBEseGhRwVw%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=303&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60&tx=166&ty=70
This picture shows another popular Puritan leader preaching to a small circle of Puritan
Google. “The Mayflower”.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://unnatural.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/111612_1958_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://unnatural.ru/beer-facts&usg=__fdk9xc2INcT5_itHHUGlQEvy-Bc=&h=452&w=779&sz=41&hl=en&&sig2=HljP_fP9RxD-qHq0plWCbg&zoom=1&tbnid=TLpWC4Mie8bjVM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=240&ei=kebDUIKYJergiALQ0IDQAg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmayflower%26tbnh%3D139%26tbnw%3D240%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgl2eJv6FJklJCGr2oy0Dw7h0A%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=12&vpy=180&dur=249&hovh=142&hovw=243&tx=117&ty=77&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60
This is a picture of the Mayflower Combat, the ship the Puritans used to travel to New England with.
Google. “Puritan Dinner”.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=puritanism&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1279&bih=609&tbm=isch&tbnid=oIafltsFR_Ki5M:&imgrefurl=http://mysticpolitics.com/republican-puritanism-mitt-romney-and-paul-ryan-believe-wealthiness-is-next-to-godliness/&docid=9FKDJwfmO8dKVM&imgurl=http://mysticpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/republican-puritanism-mitt-romney-and-paul-ryan-believe-wealthiness-is-next-to-godliness-e1346544317882.jpg&w=640&h=360&ei=NOfDUKDnOoXEigKZ94G4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=23&dur=1140&hovh=168&hovw=300&tx=137&ty=48&sig=117556747280137222728&page=4&tbnh=140&tbnw=258&&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:88,s:0,i:355
This is a picture of several Puritans feasting in New England.
Google. “
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.virtualology.com/ac/6/i/ency0315.jpg&imgrefurl=http://famousamericans.net/johnwinthrop/&usg=__i0U04t06FSVhY0hZiECYW1M3vdE=&h=1378&w=920&sz=260&hl=en&&sig2=rIs0mAcLfNGV5i4B8f7SCA&zoom=1&tbnid=vLqEoGb8Zt85OM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=93&ei=8ejDUNHBJuW7igKqioGgAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Djohn%2Bwinthrop%26tbnh%3D145%26tbnw%3D95%26num%3D10%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Den%26sig%3D117556747280137222728%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D609%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSHwlKI6gLJ0eVKxoLCxCo1NgEGgIIFwwh0FCdcN4ElGc%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=120&dur=548&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=52&ty=124&sig=117556747280137222728&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:60
This is a picture of popular, influential Puritan leader John Winthrop. Winthrop was one of the most commonly known Puritans and had a great effect on life during his time.
"Puritan Influences on Modern American Culture and Thought." Puritan Influences on Modern American Culture and Thought. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.articlemyriad.com/puritan-influences-modern-american-culture-thought>
This article, another highly useful article from a secondary source, explained several influences brought upon American culture and though from the puritans.
"PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649)." PAL:John Winthrop (1588-1649). N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html>.
This tells us about John Winthrop and his general ideas as a popular puritan preacher from his time, a time of great puritan expansion and influence on several cultures and societies.
"The Legacy of Puritanism, Divining America, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center." The Legacy of Puritanism, Divining America, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/legacy.htm>.
In this article, The Legacy of Puritanism, Diving America”, the puritans greatest impacts on America itself is discussed and how it was left as a legacy beyond it’s time. This article greatly pinpoints the import ways the puritans affected America.
"People & Ideas: The Puritans." PBS. PBS, 11 Oct. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/people/puritans.html>.
Tells us about the Puritan people and their main ideas. But it mainly speaks about John Winthrop and his major influence in the ideas of the Puritans. It gives us deep insight into how the Puritans were started which greatly tells us how their thoughts came to be and why they came to be.
Woodward, Walter W. Prospero's America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina P, 2010.
John Winthrop helped in the creation of the basic beliefs of the Puritans.
This description helps us with how the Puritans impacted the beliefs in America, by giving us what to compare the American beliefs, to the Puritan beliefs. Even though he is not the only Puritan thinker he still brought many of the basic beliefs into the Puritan church.
Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 1: John Winthrop." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. WWW URL: http://web.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html Wed. 26 Oct 2012.
This helps us understand John Winthrop better and his life. Understanding his life helps us understand why he belived most of the things that he did believe in. Kind of like how some of the Puritan beliefs are like some other religions, that is because he grew up with other religions around him and he had to base it off something.
Wilson, Clyde N., ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume Thirty: American Historians, 1607-1865. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984.
The Dictionary of Literary Biography is about American Historians. This particular annotation tells us about many Puritan thinkers and believers. Even though this book speaks about other historians we can use it for just some people instead of all of them.
Elliott, Emory, ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume Twenty-four: American Colonial Writers, 1606-1734. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984.
This Dictionary of Literary Biography just gives us more information of more Puritain thinkers, and especially writers. It tells us about Puritan poets and many other different style of writing people.
Heyrman, Christine Leigh. “Religion, Women and the Family in Early
America.” National Humanities Center. Internet. 2000. Accessed October 3, 2005.
The religion of the people in early Americas and the treatment and place in society of women in the early Americas.
"History of American Thought." History of American Thought. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
Sept. 2012. <http://americanphilosophy.net/>
The History of American thought, including the puritans and the many people involved in Puritanism.
"Brody's Notes & Scribbles: Des Downunder On Sundays." Brody's Notes &
Scribbles: Des Downunder On Sundays. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://brodylevesque.blogspot.com/2011/04/des-downunder-on-sundays_10.html>.
In this source the Puritans are described much more into detail and pictures are included with descriptions of what is happening in the picture.
"Puritan Influences on Modern American Culture and Thought." Puritan Influences
on Modern American Culture and Thought. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.articlemyriad.com/puritan-influences-modern-american-culture-thought/>.
The puritan influence on todays culture and art is described in this section of
sources. It includes conversations about John Winthrop and Roger Williams, two
popular, influential Puritan leaders. This website was excellent due to the fact that
it gave specific ideas on how the Puritans had influences on modern America.
Dorward, Lisa. "Characteristics of Puritan Thought & Culture." EHow. Demand
Media, 22 May 2011. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ehow.com/info_8466396_characteristics-puritan-thought-culture.html>.
Lisa Dorward expresses the main charasteristics of Puritan thought & culture. This article gave a wholesome idea of how Puritan life was lived and also showed differences between Puritan life then and life in America now.
"The Roots of Democracy." The Roots of Democracy. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. <http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_3_Notes.htm>.
This website helped us in better understanding on how the Puritans effected the development in America. This helped us in learning about how it was believed that all men were born sinners, and in the eyes of Puritans the only way to go to heaven was to worship God. The only way to do that was to communicate with God, and the only way to do that was to read the Bible.